Comparing social behavior between fresh H2O dolphins and salt H2O Lab Report

Looking at social conduct between new H2O dolphins and salt H2O Dolphins - Lab Report Example The work additionally shows that their social conduct is likewise exhibited through dolphin human relations behaviors]. *Iriarte, V., and Marmontel, M. (2013). Stream Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis, Sotalia fluviatilis) Mortality Events Attributed to Artisanal Fisheries in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Amphibian Mammals, 39(2), 116-124. [The creator calls attention to dolphins’ social practices through the crystal of biological adaptation. His work likewise offers knowledge into marine condition. The work likewise shows how individuals can interface genially with dolphins with no conflict]. *Lundquist, D.J. (2011). Conduct and development examples of shadowy dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off Kaikoura, New Zealand: Effects of the travel industry. A proposition submitted for the level of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Lundquist’s study offers species explicit data on the practices of dolphins. His study limits to practices, which can be evaluated at species level. His work attempts to show how travel and developments designs are basic as dolphins’ social behaviors inside a pod]. [The authors’ research is basic in exhibiting social practices in dolphins. The study likewise shows how such practices contrast and those of different creatures just as human creatures. The investigation likewise features on other irregular social practices are ecologically procured and serve a particular social purpose]. [The author’s work shows that piece of dolphins’ social conduct includes echolocations instrument of gathering area. Their work show how high recurrence whistles help with discovering mates and social gatherings among dolphins]. *Orbach, D.N., Kirchner, T., and Wã ¼rsig, B. (2014). Estimating the Mating Behaviors of Free- Ranging Dusky Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). Procedures of Measuring Behavior

Geography of Iraq

Topography of Iraq Capital: Baghdad Iraq is a nation that is situated in western Asia and offers outskirts with Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria (map). It has an exceptionally little coastline of only 36 miles (58 km) along the Persian Gulf. Iraqs capital and biggest city is Baghdad and it has a populace of 30,399,572 (July 2011 gauge). Other enormous urban communities in Iraq incorporate Mosul, Basra, Irbil and Kirkuk and the countrys populace thickness is 179.6 individuals per square mile or 69.3 individuals per square kilometer. History of Iraq From 1980 to 1988 Iraq was associated with the Iran-Iraq war which crushed its economy. The war additionally left Iraq as one of the biggest military foundations in the Persian Gulf area (U.S. Division of State). In 1990 Iraq attacked Kuwait however it was constrained out in mid 1991 by a United States-drove U.N. alliance. Following these occasions social shakiness proceeded as the countrys northern Kurdish individuals and its southern Shia Muslims opposed Saddam Husseins government. Subsequently, the Iraqs government utilized power to stifle the insubordination, slaughtered a large number of residents and seriously harmed nature of the districts in question. On account of the shakiness in Iraq at that point, the U.S. what's more, a few different nations built up no-fly zones over the nation and the U.N. Security Council ordered a few assents against Iraq after its administration would not give up weapons and submit to U.N. reviews (U.S. Branch of State). Precariousness stayed in the nation all through the remainder of the 1990s and into the 2000s. In March-April 2003 a U.S.- drove alliance attacked Iraq after it was guaranteed the nation neglected to conform to encourage U.N. examinations. This demonstration started the Iraq War among Iraq and the U.S. Right away the U.S.s attack, Iraqs tyrant Saddam Hussein was toppled and the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was built up to deal with Iraqs legislative capacities as the nation attempted to build up another legislature. In June 2004 the CPA disbanded and the Iraqi Interim Government dominated. In January 2005 the nation held races and the Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) took power. In May 2005 the ITG delegated a board of trustees to draft a constitution and in September 2005 that constitution was finished. In December 2005 another political race was held which built up another multi year sacred government that took power in March 2006. Regardless of its new government notwithstanding, Iraq was still profoundly unsteady during this time and viciousness was across the board all through the nation. Thus, the U.S. expanded its essence in Iraq which caused an abatement in viciousness. In January 2009 Iraq and the U.S. concocted plans to expel U.S. troops from the nation and in June 2009 they started leaving Iraqs urban territories. Further evacuation of U.S. troops proceeded into 2010 and 2011. On December 15, 2011 the Iraq War authoritatively finished. Administration of Iraq Financial matters and Land Use in Iraq Topography and Climate of Iraq The atmosphere of Iraq is for the most part desert and as such it has mellow winters and sweltering summers. The countrys sloping districts anyway have freezing winters and mellow summers. Baghdad, the capital and biggest city in Iraq has a January normal low temperature of 39Â ºF (4Â ºC) and a July normal high temperature of 111Â ºF (44Â ºC).

SIPA Alum and Documentary Producer Wins Emmy Award COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Alum and Documentary Producer Wins Emmy Award COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs congratulates alumna Na Eng (MIA ‘99) on winning a 2008 Emmy Award for business and financial reporting. Ms. Eng won the Emmy for her segment entitled “Taxing the Poor,” presented on the program NOW on PBS. The segment focuses on state tax policies and the working poor, and the impact on three families in Alabama. To watch “Taxing the Poor” or learn more about its production, click here. To learn more about Na Eng and her award-winning documentary work, visit her blog here.

Sacred Cow in India - 2799 Words

18 Indias sacred cow MARVIN HARRIS Other peoples religious practices and beliefs may often appear to be wasteful. They seem to involve a large expenditure of scarce resources on ritual; they contain taboos that restrict the use of apparently useful materials. Their existence seems irrational in the face of ecological needs. One example that many cite in support of this viewpoifJt is the religious proscription on the slaughter of cattle in India. How can people permit millions of cattle to roam about eating, but uneaten, in a land so continuously threatened by food shortages and starvation? In this article, Marvin Harris challenges the view that religious value is ecologically irrational. Dealing with the Indian case, he argues that†¦show more content†¦Thereafter, the cow taboo assumed its modern form and began to function much as it does today. The place of the cow in modern India is every place - on posters, in the movies, in brass figures, in stone and wood carvings, on the streets, in the fields. The cow is a symbol of health and abundance. It provides the milk that Indians consume in the form of yogurt and ghee (clarified butter), which contribute subtle flavors to much spicy Indian food. This, perhaps, is the practical role of the cow, but cows provide less than half the milk produced in India. Most cows in India are not dairy breeds. In most regions, when an Indian farmer wants a steady, high-quality source of milk he usually invests in a female water buffalo. In India the water buffalo is the specialized dairy breed because its milk has a higher butterfat content than zebu milk. Although the farmer milks his zebu cows, the milk is merely a by-product. . More vital than zebu milk to South Asian farmers are zebu calves. Male calves are especially valued because from bulls come oxen, which are the mainstay of the Indian agricultural system. Small, fast oxen drag wooden plows through late-spring fields when monsoons have dampened the dry, cracked earth. After harvest, the oxen break the grain from the stalk by stomping through mounds of cut wheat and rice. For rice cultivation in irrigated fields, the male water buffalo is preferred (it pulls better in deep mud), but for most otherShow MoreRelatedThe books and materials used in data collection acted as the source of information for writing the1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people of India live their life. The India’s religion, dance, language, food and architecture differ from place to place in the country. The culture is an amalgamation of different cultures that is found across the Indian subcontinent (Prakash 2005). The country is the birth place of many of the religious beliefs such as Sikhism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. There are substantial linguistic, cultural, regional and religion variations in the country. The description of culture in India is based on as sertionsRead MoreCultural Differences in India659 Words   |  3 PagesHead: Cultural Differences in India Cultural Differences in India Cultural Differences in India India is a unique country. Home to close to a billion people, it boasts a rich cultural history spanning over 4 millennia. Indias vast geographical coverage features all kinds of different terrain; from the cold, magnificent peaks and valleys of Kashmir to the hot, barren lands of Jacobabad. With such terrain comes a culture so vast that it is almost impossible to define. India possesses an array of differentRead MoreEssay about Evaluating Societies Culture by Norms, Values, and Laws1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlmost every society participates in a unique culture that cannot be accurately judged without acquiring viewpoints from the individual’s in it. While reading the article India’s Sacred Cow by Marvin Harris (1978) I was able to gain insight about the Hindu people and their reasons for â€Å"worshipping† the â€Å"sacred cows† (Harris, 1978). According to the textbook Sociology Thirteenth Edition by Richard T. Schaefer, â€Å"through cultural realis m, or the sincere attempt to understand an individual’s cultureRead MoreThe Twentieth Century : Cannibals And Kings ( 1977 ) By Marvin Harris And Coming Of Age1297 Words   |  6 Pagesproblematic by some, especially in relation to his discussion of sacred cows in India (Freed and Freed 1981: 715). Harris argues that cows are venerated in India due to the victory of, â€Å"reproductive of productive forces† (Harris 1991: 229. By this he means that cows are not seen as sacred because of a religious belief, but instead because they are required, along with oxen, to plow the fields (ibid: 220). Therefore the sacredness of cows arose as a way of negating any temptation to eat their meat, becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My Mother Breed By Anita Desai1701 Words   |  7 Pagesnourish the human psyche with the inspiration to pursue individuality and independence. Patriarchal contaminations of societies submerge the unifying realm of female emancipation; masculine sovereignty suffocates the woman’s voice in the silence of the sacred seas. Secular literature documents the exclusion of the female gender in a cultural mosaic that recognizes the alliance between water and women. Post-colonial fiction, including Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Anita Desai’s Clear Light of DayRead MoreThe Complexities of Hinduism803 Words   |  4 Pagesspiritual harmony with nature. Nature is not seen as a threat but as a peaceful force. Cows are considered sacred. Hindus are forbidden to slaughter these animals for food. The Hindu’s sanctity of nature is perplexing. If the nature of the world is just an illusion, why venerate cows? The nature of the world for Hindu’s is mysterious, confusing, and pessimistic. The practical outcomes of Hinduism have left India in shambles. Because of their strict caste system, many lower class citizens are forcedRead MoreTen Sacred Objects768 Words   |  4 PagesTen Sacred Objects Michelle Sanders Hum/105 August 1, 2013 Greg Jorge Ten Sacred Objects 1.) Fish are a symbol of luck in China. In fact, it’s traditional to serve fish at New Year’s dinner. The word fish, â€Å"Yu†, sounds like the word â€Å"wish† or â€Å"abundance† in Cantonese and Mandarin. 2.) Cows have long been sacred in India. They are protected animals under the Hindu religion. Hindus do not eat beef. In fact, most rural Indian families have at least one dairy cow which isRead MoreFollowers of Hinduism1038 Words   |  5 Pagesand the different time periods. Hindus practice strict religious beliefs and customs. Hinduism consists of a 1,000 religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 B.C. Followers of Hinduism are known as Hindus. Hindus live their lives by following the religious guidance of the Vedic scripture. The Hindu scriptures consist of two sacred types of writing: the Shruti and the Smriti. The Shruti is heard, while the Smriti is memorized. Before being recorded, these scriptures were passed downRead MoreHinduism Was One Of The Religions That I Found To Be Most1456 Words   |  6 Pagestime that have shaped other religions that branched off from it. Hinduism is an ancient religion that was founded near 1,500 B.C. It is a religion that has perceiver through many different times of persecution and its one enemy time. It originated in India which is what many Indus people originated. Most Hindus worship Shiva, Vishnu or the Goddess Devi but there are many other minor people they worship. The main god that they all worship is Brahman and they believe that every living thing with a soulRead MoreReligion and Violence Essay examples1081 Words   |  5 Pagesshape d and changed religious practices within Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism. There have also been many generalisations about the above traditions. Moreover I will try and answer why non violence has become a generalisation and how it has impacted India as a whole. â€Å"The trauma of the attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., which were quickly interpreted as religious as well as political phenomena, provoked yet another body of studies. On the other hand

A Peak Under the Skirt of Rape Culture Essay - 1155 Words

Did you see what she was wearing; no wonder he assumed she wanted it. Does this sound familiar to anyone? It does to me. This is just a glimpse of some words, and actions, that are only the tip of the ice-berg; we call rape culture. A lot of people are unaware this sort of language, or behavior, even goes on. Even more people are aware of these types of things, yet they don’t find them inappropriate, or see anything wrong with a little harmless joking. The fact is rape culture affects our life, whether we acknowledge it or not. The term Rape Culture should not be a part of our vocabulary; we, as a society, have allowed it, but that needs to be changed. Rape culture can be seen all around us, its on TV, in movies, in grocery store†¦show more content†¦We cannot start making excuses for sexual assault. Slut shaming, also called victim blaming, is the most common known term; this refers to how some rape victims are treated after reporting a rape. Well, what were you wear ing? Were you out drunk at a bar when he found you? Did you say yes, and then change your mind after it was too late? These are just a few of the incriminating questions that are being asked of some victims after telling their friends and family about being raped. Furthermore, some rape victims have come forth and said these things are asked of them by the law-enforcement officers who are taking their report about the rape. No means no! It does not matter if the victim changed his or her mind even after physical intimacy was initiated. This is what seems to be being left out of conversations about rape.[K]nowing that rape is wrong means little if you dont know what rape is (Valenti). The 2012 Steubenville rape case involving a multitude of characters, and one main victim, is a prime example of the way rape culture has affected our minds negatively. A young man who witnessed the rape of an unconscious female stated â€Å"I thought rape was forcing yourself on someone† (qtd. i n Valenti). Simply put the witness clearly didn’t realize he was witnessing a rape. Apparently, its a common misconception that if a female is unconscious, technically she can’t say no,Show MoreRelatedIs Mini Skirt Still in Fashion2102 Words   |  9 Pages280-AD-Jan 2011 Name : Anuradha Walpitagama Batch No : 45 ID No : 280-AD-Jan 2011 Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Fashion in 1950 – 70 era Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Today we are in the 21st century in an era where the fashion is at its peak. The fashion industry has developed so fast during the last decade. This is mainly due to the development of technology. The Mini Skirt emerged during the late 1950 amp; was very popular between 1950 to 1970 20th century canRead MoreIs Mini Skirt Still in Fashion2096 Words   |  9 Pages280-AD-Jan 2011 Name : Anuradha Walpitagama Batch No : 45 ID No : 280-AD-Jan 2011 Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Fashion in 1950 – 70 era Is Mini Skirt still in fashion? Today we are in the 21st century in an era where the fashion is at its peak. The fashion industry has developed so fast during the last decade. This is mainly due to the development of technology. The Mini Skirt emerged during the late 1950 amp; was very popular between 1950 to 1970 20th century canRead MoreTest Paper: Questions on Issues and Practices in Human Resource Management3568 Words   |  15 Pagesof the organization. B.  little time is spent assessing training needs. C.  training is evaluated by checking participant reactions. D.  training is part of the corporate culture. 13. Yes or No. Jill, the owner of a construction business, says her construction crew will not work if she hires Hispanic crew members, so Jill does not do so. Is this a defense to a Title VII action? 14. Which, if any, of the following scenarios

The Issue Of Reflection Education Essay Free Essays

Contemplation as defined by the Oxford English lexicon ( 1993 ) means ‘idea originating in the head ‘ and head means ‘seat of consciousness, thought, will, and experiencing ‘ . It seems therefore that contemplation, in an every twenty-four hours term is about believing that involves will and feeling, therefore contemplation is really personal as we are all alone persons. So, if contemplation is believing why are we being assessed on it, and how can it be assessed as certainly we all think otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue Of Reflection Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Are brooding model theoretical accounts, an assistance to assist me believe or an assistance to assist the assessor ‘s buttockss me? Am I being misanthropic or is cynicism accurate observation? Have we bury how to believe? Are we populating in an age where the gait of life is so fast that people do n’t hold clip to believe any more? Is that why contemplation is now being incorporated into course of studies or is it to heighten acquisition and the forming of constructs and connexions? Is it to do me gain what my ain thoughts are, and which are person else ‘s? Or is it as King and Kitchener ( 1994 cited Moon 2001, p.8 ) propose to dispute my acquisition and thereby better my cognitive ability? At first I thought that contemplation was a complicated issue, but so I learnt that it was about thought. When I foremost received this assignment I ‘thought ‘ that I would truly bask it, as I would be able to be originative but whilst reflecting during the action of roll uping my portfolio, and researching for my brooding essay, I have become resentful, non because I am immune to alter but because I feel that it is intrusive and a small patronising to give me person else ‘s theoretical account or formula of how to believe. It seems that Moon ( 2001, p.16 ) would hold with me as she suggests Are pupils told to reflect when really they will merely follow a formula ( e.g. set inquiries ; rigorous attachment to the Kolb rhythm ( Kolb, 1984 ) ) ? Make pupils have their contemplations as kids own their drama? From my personal experience I would implore to differ as when I used the brooding theoretical account of Price ( 2002 ) to reflect upon my unit A assignments I found it smothering and found myself over-inflating my beliefs of segregation so that I would hold something to compose about in that portion of the model. Bolton ( 1998 ) would propose that my defensive attitude is ‘a get bying scheme ‘ and that I am defying ‘change and development ‘ . Whereas Lifton ( 1961 cited Atherton 2003 ) describes the procedure of idea reform as ‘brainwashing ‘ . For me these theoretical accounts are common sense and hence I have been resentful towards them. During one of our lessons we were given a sheet of paper with brooding theoretical accounts on it and asked to take one to reflect upon our presentation. Personally, I had already reflected upon my presentation briefly instantly after I had finished it, so once more in more deepness in my auto on the manner place and so once more in even more deepness when I discussed it with my hubby, read all the presentation press releases, and compared my presentation with everyone else ‘s. Therefore personally I do n’t experience that I learnt anything by utilizing Price ‘s ( 2002 ) reflective model theoretical account. However I have since learnt upon reflecting on my acquisition manner that the bulk of my acquisition features are that of the ‘dreamer ‘ ( Cottrell 2003, p.63 ) . One of the strengths of the ‘dreamer ‘ is to reflect and measure good. Therefore I can appreciate that Price ‘s ( 2002 ) reflective model theoretical account may be more good to possibly, the leaner with ‘logician ‘ features as Cottrell ( 2003, p.63 ) proposes that their learning country to be developed is ‘personal contemplation ‘ . However I do non experience that pupils can be pigeon-holed into certain learning types, although I must acknowledge that most of my features were spot on with Cottrell ‘s ( 2003 ) dreamer larning manner. It would look that contemplation has been good to me after all, as it has made me cognizant of my learning manner or manners and made me gain that the usage of brooding models are smothering for me, hence I have thought approximately, ‘reflected upon ‘ and learnt something from ‘the experience ‘ . It seems that my learning experience is related to Boud et Al ‘s ( 1985 ) defini tion of contemplation as they defines it as A generic term for those rational and effectual activities in which persons engage to research their experiences in order to take to a new apprehension and grasp ( Draper 1999 ) . It seems that Boud et al view contemplation from the scholar ‘s point of position, underscoring the relationship of the brooding procedure and the learning experience. For illustration I have learnt from the experience of utilizing brooding model theoretical accounts that I find them smothering. Whereas Dewey ( 1993 ) defines contemplation as An active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed signifier of cognition in the visible radiation of the evidences that support it and the farther decision to which it tends ( Draper 1999 ) . Dewey positions contemplation as experiential acquisition and that each experience influences future experiences. For illustration Dewey may hold that from the racial bias that I discussed in subdivision two that I take this experience with me to future experiences. For illustration through seeing some of the black citizens of Africa deformed via non being inoculated against infantile paralysis I have non hesitated to inoculate my kids against diseases such as infantile paralysis, epidemic parotitiss, rubeolas and German measles. Therefore a past experience can inform a present experience, such as whether I should let my adolescents to be inoculated against meningitis. Sch A ; ouml ; n ( 1993, 1987 cited Moon 2001, p. 3 ) focal points on contemplation in professional cognition and its development. He has identified two types of contemplation. These are ‘reflection in action ‘ and ‘reflection on action ‘ . Sch A ; ouml ; n proposes that these types of contemplations are used in alone state of affairss, where the practician is unable to use ‘theories or techniques antecedently learnt through formal instruction ‘ ( Moon 2001, p.4 ) . It would therefore look that ‘reflection in action ‘ and ‘reflection on action ‘ are extremely good to the attention and educational industries as practicians are working with persons who are more frequently than non, text book illustrations. Reflection is a cardinal portion of my child care pattern as I work with kids and households who are persons with alone qualities. This means that every clip I do an activity I may necessitate to make it otherwise as I wil l necessitate to see the person demands of the child/children and that of their parents. For illustration, if you were a mill worker and you packed bars your contemplation in action would n’t take as long, because you would be working with inanimate objects. Therefore your contemplations may be more matter-of-fact whereas in my occupation I am covering with babies, yearlings, kids and grownups, hence my contemplations are changeless and are more likely to be based upon emotions, as I am working with persons who have emotions excessively. As the chief ethos of my pattern is to handle each kid and household member as persons, I therefore reflect ‘in action ‘ throughout my on the job twenty-four hours and reflect ‘on action ‘ , sometimes instantly after an action, and sometimes subsequently in the eventide. For illustration when a parent arrives they may inform me of the feverish weekend that they have had. This information that I am provided with affects my contemplation in action. For illustration if I have been informed that a kid is likely to be really tired today and I have planned a feverish twenty-four hours, I would be believing on my toes and accommodate the yearss activities to suit a slumber in for that kid. It would look that contemplation is a paradox as there are many different significances and types of contemplation, the above being merely a few. What is evident though is that contemplation is really complicated which is dry sing that thought is really easy. Possibly so it is non the procedure of contemplation that is difficult, ‘the thought ‘ but, it is covering with the emotions that reflection brings. Possibly I am being assessed on my contemplation abilities as they are of import to my holistic personal, instruction and pattern development. Possibly my cynicism in the debut is healthy as, No adult male who worships instruction has got the best out of instruction†¦ Without a soft disdain for instruction no adult male ‘s instruction is complete. Gilbert K. Chesterton I surely feel that I have got my initial disdain for contemplation out of my system as I have realised that contemplation has helped me do connexions such as the nexus between my learning manner and seting the practical authorship of assignments off for every bit long as possible. Contemplation has as King and Kitchener proposed ‘improved my cognitive ability ‘ , as I now have a better apprehension of contemplation and myself. I besides feel that pupils do have their contemplations as they own their yesteryear experiences which they draw upon during contemplation. Personally I do non like brooding model theoretical accounts but I appreciate that they can be really good for pupils who find contemplation hard. How to cite The Issue Of Reflection Education Essay, Essay examples

Assessment of Glenda Medical Condition

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Glenda Medical Condition. Answer: Introduction Chronic kidney disease abbreviated as CKD is also referred to as the chronic renal failure and it is responsible for most cases of mortality and morbidity in the elderly in Australia (Wen et al., 2014). Moreover, CKD is associated with reducing the significant role of the kidney through causing damages and blockage (Vassalotti et al., 2016). Research shows that the period it takes for CKD to cause complete renal failure depends on the stages of CKD and the nursing interventions in place (Tonelli and Wanner, 2014). Notably, it should be made clear that chronic kidney disease has no cure, but early identification and application of nursing intervention as per Levett-Jones clinical reasoning cycle will help slow the progress and improve the patient's symptoms. As of the year 2005, the NHS reported that chronic kidney disease is at an alarming rate as most of the hospitals in the region reported to have increased renal replacement surgery (Gatchel et al., 2014). Also, according to Hung e t al., 2014 are of the opinion that chronic kidney disease increases the chances of cardiovascular complications. Again, a report by the WHO indicated that there would be high chances of chronic kidney disease in Australia for the next ten years and the likelihood of the cases leveling off are dismal due to the lifestyle of locals (mostly the native Australians) who are reluctant to seek medication from public hospitals (Collins et al., 2015). The underlying factor towards the behavior by most natives is cultural-based. The residents feel left behind regarding development and that the foreigners are interfering with their way of life (Tong et al., 2015). With that in mind, the case focuses on describing the care, management, and assessment interventions for Glenda, a 46-year-old woman who presents with chronic kidney disease. The previous medical history indicates the following symptoms generalized swelling of the face, hands, feet, and ankles. Also, she finds difficulty in walking due to stiffness and pain in her knee and elbow joints. Her current medical condition indicates increased body temperature of 38.8 degrees Celsius and increased blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg which relates to the high number of cigarettes consumed daily. As such, Glenda is taken to the emergency renal ward at Darwin hospital where she undergoes an X-ray, EUC, and ECG. After inserting a vas catheter, Glenda is scheduled for surgery in a week's time to have fistula formation in her left arm. The condition makes Glenda admitted for almost twelve months a situation that makes her daughter Roseen uncomfortable. Later, the nurses, family, and friends organized a meeting and ensure Glenda is discharged and receives medication from her home in Tiwi Island and undergo her dialysis at Renal Dialysis unit at Wurrumiyang clinic. As such, ideas in this article seek to critique the care, management, and assessment for Glenda at each stage of her chronic kidney disease. Notably, the paper will set a discussion on the evaluation of renal function. Furthermore, the article will offer a succinct summary of the ideas concerning the thesis statement as shown below. Assessment of kidney functions When Glenda first attended Wurrumiyanga clinic at her home in Tiwi Island, the doctors had to screen her kidney to identify any symptoms of chronic kidney disease due to the physical symptoms she presented (Diamantidis nd Becker, 2014). Also, Wen et al., 2014) are of the opinion that screening helps in prescribing medical intervention for CKD at stages 1-3 hence appropriate procedural processes in combating the condition. That said, the following test helped the doctor in assessing the renal functioning and impairment for Glenda: urinalysis-the test makes use of urine, and with the inclusion of a urine dipstick the nurses can determine the presence or absence of bacteria and casts on a microscope. Urinary protein excretion-the model analyzes urine after every 24 hours to measure the albumin-creatine ration abbreviated as ACR. An increase in the ACR shows a high risk for cardiovascular complications. Renal imaging-the technique pays attention to the shape of the kidney and checks the presence of cysts (Fang et al., 2014). Notably, the assessment model is of significant role in patients with CKD stages 4 and 5. Also, patients with stages 1-3 ought to undergo an ultrasound in case of reduced eGFR. Finally, renal biopsy a patient with stages 4-5 CKD is advised to undergo the assessment to check the level of proteinuria. Britt et al., 2013 are of the opinion that renal biopsy is of great value as the histological analysis provides nurses with information to know when and how to diagnose the impaired kidney failure. Assessment of stages of chronic kidney disease for Glenda There are five stages of chronic kidney disease that Glenda is diagnosed with: ranging from stage 1-5. The evaluation model follows the in-depth analysis of Glenda's medical history which reveals her physical symptoms: swollen face, feet, and hands, social life showing her smoking and drinking habits, and her family history which records no case of CKD (Angeli et al., 2014). The post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis diagnosis at Royal Darwin Hospital indicates that there was thickening of the membranes due to the accumulation of protein in the glomeruli hence need for checking the blood glucose levels (Tonelli and Wanner, 2014). Moreover, it is important to control the blood pressure to reduce the risk of proteinuria. In addition, Glenda's medical history at the time of admission indicates hypertension as blood pressure beyond 140/90 mmHg is considered hypertensive. Stage of CKD Investigations Assessment Stages 1-2 eGFR more than 89/ml/min/1.73m2 but is not less than 59ml/min/1.73m2 (albuminuria included) Urea and electrolytes including eGFR. Urine ACR recorded after 24 hours. Annual blood pressure. Scheduled clinical and laboratory assessment. Also, the nurses in charge offer advice on lifestyle practices. Stages 3-5 When the eGFR is less than 59ml/min/1.73m2 Urine ACR is randomly collected. The inclusion of dipstick in the sample of urine collected to test for urinalysis for proteinuria. Regular checking of blood glucose levels. Analysis of full blood count to check the level of Parathyroid hormone (Levey et al., 2015). Exclusion of acute renal failure. Also, the nurse reviews medical history and administers new medication which acts as an anti-inflammatory medication. The collected urine is assessed to check for urinary symptoms, heart failure, and hypovolaemia (Levey et al., 2015). Management of chronic kidney disease For efficient management of the different stages of CKD, it is of significant value to first identify the symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease. What is more is that the clinical signs for CKD remain unrecognized until there is acute renal failure (Stevens and Levin, 2013). That is to say that a patient can be asymptomatic at an advanced stage of the condition. Therefore, early identification sets a platform for integration of early interventions which aim towards assessment and management of the state. As such, the symptoms of CKD include but are not limited to loss of appetite, nausea, minor ankle edema, change in urine pattern, and fatigue (Jha et al., 2013). Also, it is wise for Glenda to have a balanced diet characterized with enough proteins. Health condition Treatment Smoking Cessation Hypertension Regulate the blood pressure to less than 135/80mmHg. Besides, inhibitors can be induced to slow the effects of renal deformity. Notably, when the eGFR reduces to less than 25% of the baseline value, it is important to cease the ACR inhibitor and refer Glenda to a Nephrologist (Mills et al., 2015) Physical apathy Schedule a workout program starting with walking the progressively to jogging and running: aim at improving the aerobic rate. Alcohol Monitor the drinking patterns of Glenda. First, start with reducing then progressively rehabilitate her by stopping the supply and access to alcohol. Flu vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination During admission, Glenda needs to hydrate t avoid dehydration. Also, the nurses in charge can describe an antiviral medication. After being discharged Glenda can as well as use prescribed cough suppressant. Diabetes-Type II diabetes Reduce the consumption of sugary coca cola drink from 500ml a day to 250ml then after some time you cut short and provide safe source of sugars such as Nutrition Drink a lot of water to avoid thirst. Ensure Glenda consumes less salt: especially adding raw salt to the food at the table. Reduce the intake of coca cola and later cut short. Significantly, the End-Stage Renal Disease abbreviated as ESRD is the term used to refer to patients who are responding to the treatment from acute renal failure (Wen et al., 2014). Also, ESRD is commonly known as stage 5 of CKD. What is more is the availability of shared ideas between amongst nurses, patients, and their families: the ideas help in making informed decisions aimed towards treating stage 5 CKD (Locatelli et al., 2013). As such, the table below provides a description to types of treatment for stage 5 CKD. Treatment Types Mechanisms/practices involved Outcomes Transplant Living and deceased donor If it is critical it may call for surgery. Also, the period may wait for up to 6 years in case of deceased donor Glenda will be free to work and live a normal life. Moreover, Glenda has increased rate of survival after the transplant is done. Home Peritoneal Dialysis Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis(CAPD) Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) During the day four bags are changed by the nurse the APD entails the overnight exchange of bags by a machine The treatment ensures Glenda has the freedom to work without disturbance of the urinary tract: due to the PD catheter. The CAPD allows for ample time during one-week training. The APD allows the nurse on duty to rest. Non Dialysis Supportive Care Requires no dialysis or transplant. It can be managed at the community level (Wurrumiyanga clinic). Again, the model is supported by palliative care Emphasizes on mediation and balanced diet. Non-dialysis supportive care increases survival chances in elderly patients thus increased life expectancy (Model, 2015). Nursing care plan for chronic kidney disease The nurse in charge of Glenda is working extra hard to avoid further complications of the conditions. Therefore, educating Glenda, her daughter Roseen and the community as a whole will ensure the sustainability and ease of combating CKD (Diamantidis and Becker, 2014). Notably, the primary risk factor identified is the danger of reduced cardiac output. The condition is associated with inadequate pumping of the blood to the heart to facilitate metabolic processes. The related risk factors include but are not limited to: first, fluid imbalances resulting in a lapse in the current volume and heart workload (Mills et al., 2015). Second, there is the risk of increased deposits of urea and calcium phosphate blocking the baseline membrane. Thirdly, lapse and alteration in electrolyte balance. The nurse can prescribe medication after observing and assessing the presented physical symptoms. To establish desired outcomes for Glenda the table below shows the nursing intervention and the possible justification. Nursing intervention Justification Analyze heart and lung sound to evaluate presence of peripheral edema and cases of dysponea. Diagnosed with flu hence wheezes, edema, and dysponea Assess the degree of hypertension and blood pressure Renal dysfunction causes hypertension. Also, orthostatic hypertension occurs due to imbalances in the intravascular fluids. Assess the presence of chest pains paying attention to the location and degree of pain Lack of potential risk of pericardial effusion associated due to home dialysis. Assess heart sounds, blood pressure, and temperature Narrow pulse pressure, temperature above 37.5 degrees Celsius, and presence of irregular hypotension. Assess and evaluate the physical activity Dormant nature alludes to HF and presence of anemia Need to monitor and assess lab and diagnostic results Potassium, calcium, and magnesium electrolytes When imbalanced they affect the heart functioning by altering the electrical transmission Chest X-rays Used in identification of soft-tissue calcification Administering antihypertensive drugs such as Apresoline: a hydralazine Useful in reducing vascular resistance and tension hence reduce myocardial workload. Also, useful in preventing HF. Preparing home dialysis Reduce accumulation of urea. Again, corrects the electrolytes and fluid imbalances. Pericardiocentesis To exclude the pericardial sacs as it may result in cardiac arrest through myocardial contractility. Interdisciplinary team approaches The burden of CKD led to the longer hospitalization of Glenda, and it is important to include multidisciplinary care clinics to improve service delivery (Gatchel et al., 2014). The approach integrates different health professionals and family members to offer long-term support to Glenda as shown below. Interdisciplinary Role Nephrologists Assess and evaluate etiology of Glendas CKD to determine the care plan (Diamantidis and Becker, 2014) Dietitian Offer advice on nutritional intake and manage the intravascular fluid Pharmacist Provide education to Glenda regarding effectiveness of modern medication and herbal treatment Social work Substitute Roseen on transporting the mother to hospital Transplant team Educate Glenda about transplant before the surgery (Davison et al., 2015) Advanced Practitioner Provides education regarding CKD and acute renal failure. Also, coordinates care with Glendas family and the locals. Health priorities for Glenda Less attention has been paid to monitor the role awareness has to CKD patients. Although early identification proves to be a mechanism to slow the progression of CKD and ESRD, there is a growing need for the establishment of a customer-oriented platform for nurses to exercise to administer patient-center to patients such as Glenda (Papademetriou et al., 2015). Also, encouraging Glenda to attend guiding and counseling sessions in Tiwi Islands will help boost her morale and change her perception of life. And it is known that once the mind is stimulated so does the endorphin hence the body relaxes. The model will allow Glenda get back to her feet and provide for her family. Conclusion In nursing, providing care, assessing, and management of diseases is a plan that allows nurses to incorporate Levett-Jones cycle of clinical reasoning: a period that allows for an understanding of the patient's past medical history and ethnic background before commencing with data collection and administering medication. As for Glenda the condition grows and gets of hand hence the inclusion of interdisciplinary team approach to offer long-term support emotionally, physically, and medically. To that end, it is possible to discern that CKD cannot be treated, but approaches as integrating family members and the community help to slow its progress. References Angeli, P., Rodrguez, E., Piano, S., Ariza, X., Morando, F., Sol, E., ... Gerbes, A. (2014). Acute kidney injury and acute-on-chronic liver failure classifications in prognosis assessment of patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gut, gutjnl-2014. Britt, H., Miller, G. C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., ... O'Halloran, J. (2013). General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (No. 33). Sydney University Press. Collins, A. J., Foley, R. N., Gilbertson, D. T., Chen, S. C. (2015). United States Renal Data System public health surveillance of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Kidney international supplements, 5(1), 2-7. Davison, S. N., Levin, A., Moss, A. H., Jha, V., Brown, E. A., Brennan, F., ... Morton, R. L. (2015). Executive summary of the KDIGO Controversies Conference on Supportive Care in Chronic Kidney Disease: developing a roadmap to improving quality care. Diamantidis, C. J., Becker, S. (2014). Health information technology (IT) to improve the care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). BMC nephrology, 15(1), 7. Fang, Y., Ginsberg, C., Sugatani, T., Monier-Faugere, M. C., Malluche, H., Hruska, K. A. (2014). Early chronic kidney diseasemineral bone disorder stimulates vascular calcification. Kidney international, 85(1), 142-150. Gatchel, R. J., McGeary, D. D., McGeary, C. A., Lippe, B. (2014). Interdisciplinary chronic pain management: past, present, and future. American Psychologist, 69(2), 119. Hung, S. C., Kuo, K. L., Peng, C. H., Wu, C. H., Lien, Y. C., Wang, Y. C., Tarng, D. C. (2014). Volume overload correlates with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney international, 85(3), 703-709. January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Alpert, J. S., Calkins, H., Cigarroa, J. E., Cleveland, J. C., ... Murray, K. T. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol, 64(21), 2246-2280. Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., ... Yang, C. W. (2013). Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. The Lancet, 382(9888), 260-272. Levey, A. S., Becker, C., Inker, L. A. (2015). Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for detection and staging of acute and chronic kidney disease in adults: a systematic review. Jama, 313(8), 837-846. Locatelli, F., Brny, P., Covic, A., De Francisco, A., Del Vecchio, L., Goldsmith, D., ... Abramovicz, D. (2013). Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines on anaemia management in chronic kidney disease: a European Renal Best Practice position statement. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 28(6), 1346-1359. Mills, K. T., Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Bundy, J. D., Chen, C. S., Kelly, T. N., ... He, J. (2015). A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney international, 88(5), 950-957. Model, C. C. (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes2015 abridged for primary care providers. Diabetes care, 38(1), S1-S94. Papademetriou, V., Lovato, L., Doumas, M., Nylen, E., Mottl, A., Cohen, R. M., ... Cushman, W. C. (2015). Chronic kidney disease and intensive glycemic control increase cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Kidney international, 87(3), 649-659. Stevens, P. E., Levin, A. (2013). Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Annals of internal medicine, 158(11), 825-830. Tonelli, M., Wanner, C. (2014). Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2013 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med, 160(3), 182. Tong, A., Crowe, S., Chando, S., Cass, A., Chadban, S. J., Chapman, J. R., ... Johnson, D. W. (2015). Research priorities in CKD: report of a national workshop conducted in Australia. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 66(2), 212-222. Vassalotti, J. A., Centor, R., Turner, B. J., Greer, R. C., Choi, M., Sequist, T. D., National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. (2016). Practical approach to detection and management of chronic kidney disease for the primary care clinician. The American journal of medicine, 129(2), 153-162. Wen, C. P., Matsushita, K., Coresh, J., Iseki, K., Islam, M., Katz, R., ... Astor, B. C. (2014). Relative risks of chronic kidney disease for mortality and end-stage renal disease across races are similar. Kidney international, 86(4), 819-827.

Waiting For Godot By Beckett Essays (567 words) -

Waiting For Godot By Beckett The purpose of human life is an unanswerable question. It seems impossible to find an answer because we don't know where to start looking. To us, existence seems to be something imposed on us by an unknown force. There seems to be no reason for it, therefore making the world seem choatic. For this reason, society tries to make meaning of it by materialistic purposes to distract us from the fact that it is actually a hopless and mysterious predicament. Samuel Beckett's two act play, "Waiting For Godot", captures this feeling and view of the world. This viewpoint is shown by the difference between Pozzo and Lucky in both Act I and II. Since this world is soley based on chance, human lives are treated in an almost cruel manner. In act one, Pozzo is traveling to the market to sell Lucky. Pozzo is totally healthy. Lucky is a perfectly normal slave who has started to annoy Pozzo, so he is going to be sold. This is the first way Valdimir and Estrogen see this odd couple. However, the next day Pozzo and Lucky's predicament have changed. Pozzo is blind and Lucky has become a mute. When Valdimir and Estrogen confront them on these drastic hcanges, Pozzo's answers are confused. He has absolutely no recollection of the day before when he ordered Lucky to "think" and claims Lucky has always been a mute. When Valdimir asks him when he became blind, Pozzo responds, "I woke up one find day as blind as fortune". When Valdimir asks him for details, Pozzo answers violently, "Don't question me! The blind have no notion of time. The things of time are hidden from them too!" In this hopeless situation, humans try to stay oblivious to thier true predicament. Throughout the play, Valdimir and Estrogen remain stupidly cheeful, and look for distraction in pointless activities. It is for this rason the play seems a bit comical at times. Valdimir and Estrogen try to distract themselves from thier wait for Godot by arguing over mundane topics, sleeping, talking with Pozzo and Lucky (also about mundane topics) and even contemplating suicide. All this is an attempt to remain oblivious to the reality they are oinly waiting for a vague image, who may never come. In essence they don't want to realize that thier lives are meaningless. This vehavior is a perfect example of this world's petty distractions. In act two Valdimir declares, "What are we doing here, that is the question. And we are blessed in this, that we happen to know the answer. Yes, in this immense confusion one thing alone is clear. We are waiting for Godot to come-" This shows how Valdimir simply wants an illusion of a safegaurd to cope with his meaningless life and Godot is that illusion for now. In act two, Valdimir starts to look at life and in doing so gets a glimpse of understanding this viewpoint. At this time Valdimir reaslizes that is waiting is hopeless and Godot is only a distraction from his useless reality. Valdimir begins to become depressed at this point. He realizes that he is trapped, understands he has no choice and must persist in his illusion. There seems to be no point, but only this option. "Waiting For Godot" is about how the world is based on chance and meaingless behavior. In essence this means that human life has no real meaning. When humans realize this, they create distractions and diversions to make purpose and meaning for life. "Waiting for Godot" is simply a play about the meaning of life.

Utopia by Thomas More essays

Utopia by Thomas More essays ****Writer's note: This paper dissects Thomas More's Utopia and Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince in an effort to discover their views on Human nature-This paper can easily be transformed from this topic****** Niccolo Machiavelli vs. Thomas More : Defining Human Nature It is difficult to determine Niccolo Machiavellis and Thomas Mores view on humans nature. Each took a different approach to the topic. Through Utopia, Thomas More attempted to change mans thinking by creating an ideological society. Niccolo Machiavelli, through The Prince, attempted to teach man how to deal with human nature. With this in mind, Machiavellis concept is much more realistic than Mores; therefore Machiavelli better represents human nature. Machiavellis view of human nature in The Prince, presents, on the surface, a view of governing a state drastically different for his time. Machaivelli believed that the ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of the state and put into effect a policy which would serve his best interests. With this, Machiavelli uses the prince as man, and the state as the mans life. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power. Though in some cases Machiavelli may seem harsh and immoral, one must remember that his views were derived from concern of Italys unstable political condition in the 1500s. Machiavelli seems to be teaching the common man how to live his life so that their life is good and prosperous. Machiavelli generally distrusted citizens, stating that since men are a sorry lot and will not keep their promises to you, you likewise need not keep yours to them (Machiavelli 651). Furthermore, a prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promises when, such an observance of faith would be to his disadvantage; and when the reasons which made h...

Bodies, Sexualities, Identities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bodies, Sexualities, Identities - Essay Example In line with this, it is assumed that a child’s response to what is pleasing is actually dependent on experience. As the child experienced being fondled in genitals or sexually stimulated with whatever it is that may cause sexual arousal, the sensation that may result to this could be a potential ground from time to time for the enhancement of any wonderful feeling associated with this activity. Thus, this further explains the fact why there are children who actually are involved in masturbation even then in the 18th century and substantially addicted to it (Egan and Hawkes, 2011). Nowadays, such kind of addiction may be further enhanced due to the presence of pornographic materials and commercialization of sex which involves minors in the age of fast broadband internet connection. Even though it involves high level of complexity, the actual point of this essay is to explicate how the body of a child questions notions of normative sexuality. Furthermore, the proponent shows ho w thinking about children and bodies involves the simultaneous absence and presence of sex. Child’s body’s questions on the notions of sexuality The first point is to address specific answer on how the body of a child questions notions of normative sexuality. ... herefore may be only left with the idea of what makes them feel good or bad, disregarding the notion of morality in the absence of actual adult supervision. The ideas therefore of sexuality from the perspective of a child will not be so complicated because they would only rely on their senses disregarding the issue of morality in the event that adult’s supervision is not present. For instance, in 18th century children were considered lacking in reason which actually made them subjects of adult supervision. In fact, the same response is actually happening in today’s modern society. In some TV programs, parental guidance is advised as there may be sexually illicit content or other scenes that may not be suitable for minor audiences. This specifically reflects the point that there are some certain things that a child could not still understand the way adults do. Thus, the belief in 19th century that a child is susceptible to be influenced by the environment would make sens e (Egan and Hawkes, 2011; Angelides, 2004). There was a strong point to consider that children substantially have many things to be explored, either by accident or learning experience, which would be much focus on bodily rather than psychological response. Louis Kahm agreed to this by specifically pointing out that masturbation can be learned from example or actual experience. This can be substantially supported by the idea of Alfred Vogel which points that anything which causes erection or sexual stimulation could promote masturbation. Furthermore, in the case of child sexual abuse, the abused is actually exposed to either sensation or traumatic experience. Finding that not all abused children suffered hysteria and traumatic experiences, Freud concluded that at some point an abused child would have

Maupassant; you choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Maupassant; you choose - Research Paper Example He said, â€Å"I predict that in our lifetimes astronomy will be talked about in the market-places. Even the sons of fishwives will go to school. For this city people seeking after novelty will be glad that this new astronomy now lets the earth move freely.†(Brecht 4) For his views, Galileo had to spend his life under house arrest. Some masterpieces of literature emerged out of Maupassant pen, which contained revolutionary ideas. He chiseled beautiful characters, but a Black Hole in his personality did much damage to him as an individual. Maupassant died at the young age of 48, as he suffered from serious ailments. Efforts have been made in this paper to discuss his great displeasure about the social conditions prevailing in France in 1870s, the political trends, the influence and dominance of Church on the lives of the people, corruption and predominance and duplicity of the bourgeoisie etc. Maupassant is not a porn writer. When he creates a character, he seems to know each a nd every molecule of its physical and psychological personality. He criticizes the Fourth Estate, the press—the defenders of freedom— that indulged in too-cozy relationships with politicians. He brought to the open platform, behind-the-curtain scenes pertaining to various social institutions, with sincerity of purpose. His worst enemies can not say a word against his extraordinary literary skills. He creates stories literally out of nothing! "Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them.† (Shakespeare, Act II, and Scene V) Maupassant belongs to the second category. His literary snapshots through short stories are profound and they say everything about the French history of his era. The conclusion mentions about the conditions obtaining in Paris in the late 19th century, and the historical and sociological contribution of Maupassant

Strategies for Change Management in Healthcare

Strategies for Change Management in Healthcare An Overview of Change by Management for Better Patient Care Smitha B. Vadakkan Registered nurses are on the front line in all the hospitals for early detection and prompt intervention when patients conditions deteriorate. So better patient outcomes and patient satisfaction are influenced by the number of registered nurses available to assess patients on an ongoing basis. So I like to select a change that management could undertake to improve patient care where I work is the staffing patterns. Adequate nursing care delivered directly depends on the nurse patient ratio. Change can be planned and managed, or it can occur haphazardly (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Nursing is in the middle of so many revolutionary changes. To bring changes to the workplace depends on nurse’s attitude to adapt the change and the learning options and the support from the management. One of the theoretical perspective for the change is the learning dimensions. Continual learning is needed for an accelerated change and it provides ongoing learning of employees. Ongoing learning improves adaptation, resilience, and the hardiness of employees, which in turn result in desired responses to accelerated change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Skills that are needed to augment this change are systems thinking, personal proficiency, team learning, shared vision and use of information technology increases the access to needed knowledge. Normative-reeducative strategy is the most appropriate for nursing because it is the most likely to advance the profession. It is the strategy employed throughout nursing today to incorporate the latest informatics technology into everyday practice (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). In this strategy the members of the system work out programs of change under their own direction. Definition of the change problem includes the probability that shifts in attitudes, values, norms, and relationships between players in the system and between the system and its external environment (Miles, 2007). There is a mutual collaboration between the members and the management in the development of the final strategy. There are external and internal factors that influence change in nursing. The internal factors include the patient acuity levels, staff- patient ratio, treatment modules, and the use of modern technologies in nursing. External factors include social and economic factors that influence how nursing is practiced. Nurses are socialized in a unique way during their education and experience in practice and therefore prepared like no other group to monitor nursing practice (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Nursing strength is found stronger when there is a collaborative effort of nurses in four different roles such as practitioners, educators, researchers, and managers. To have a better change in safe staffing the nurse managers should understand the external and internal factors and make changes which can bring better patient outcomes. Planned change is a better option in safe staffing. When there is a change to be made in the workplace, it is always good to include the nurses and other health care professionals in the unit for opinions and recommendations. The nurses in the unit better know how is the patient acuity level of the unit, how many assisted personnel working on the unit, which shift is the busiest, how can the structure of the unit to be modified for easy access of supplies etc.. There are many ways of implementing change. However, planned change, which is a purposeful, calculated and collaborative effort to bring about improvements with the assistance of a change agent, is commonly adopted in nursing (Roussel 2006). So the nurse manager should ask the nurses for recommendations how safe staffing can be implemented in the unit. Nurse manager with the help of the nurses in the unit can work out safe staffing by not giving two or more people vacation or holidays at the same time or balancing the schedule without giving more people off on the same day, not allowing the same person for more than two overtimes in one month, leaving the person for burnout, if the unit really needs more nurses, the nurse manager has to plan and explain the reasons and submit to the management. The safety of the patient is everyones responsibility. Once a decision has been reached to implement a change, time must be allowed for the sequence of stages designed to reduce resistance and maintain support from others (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). According to Kurt Lewin model of implementing change, there are three stages which are unfreezing, moving, refreezing. During unfreezing, more information and time is needed for the change. The people who are going to be affected are motivated for the change because of the benefits and the people who gave the ideas for the change are commented for their participation. By moving, the second stage of the change process is like a vacuum. This transitional stage when everyone is expected of the change when the old is gone and the new is not in place yet. The third stage of the change process is refreezing. Ongoing monitoring for continued quality must follow refreezing, because it provides valuable information about the ongoing effectiveness of the change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). In the unionized city hospital, everything goes with seniority. When the senior nurses enjoy more vacation and holidays and leaving the younger nurses to work which results in more sick calls and also bad retention of the staff which compromises safe patient care and patient outcomes. Even the overtime is given according to the seniority where some older nurses are happy to do more overtimes by taking easy assignments and leaving the heavier assignments for younger nurses which also results in burnout and poor staff retention. The nurse manager should collect ideas from the nurses for the change and should update the management of what is going on in the unit and the need for hiring new nurses if the unit needs for safe staffing. During the unfreezing stage the staff in the unit should be notified of the equal rights for everyone and the management should be notified about the need to hire more RNs. All the nurses should be motivated for the change. During the moving process, it is h ard for the adjustment to the change for the senior nurses who is the majority in the unit. The nurse manager should make fair schedules and assignments and make everybody comply with the change. During refreezing stage the nurse manger should continue to make the best schedules and should check for the effectiveness of the staff and the patient outcomes. The characteristics and qualities of change agents include experience, success, being respected, leadership skills, and management competencies (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Change is a long process and is difficult to achieve. The nurse manager who is the change agent should be calm, positive, optimistic, enthusiastic and able to spend enough time in correcting the problem. The nurse manager’s initial responsibility is to establish a plan of action. The nurse manager should inform her staff and management the reason for a change and should be able to show in measurable terms. The nurse manager should notify all the nurses and the management about the modified vacation time, schedules and the overtimes for safe staffing. The nurse manager should plan for each stage of implementation and should anticipate accommodating any new information and change. Not everybody will be satisfied with the schedule or there may be unexpected staff emergencies or sickness so the nurse manager should be able to get the cooperation of all the staff to perform her duties and should give enough time for the change. According to Lewin’s field theory, there are two opposing forces, the driving force and the restraining force in response to a change. Driving forces generate planned change and restraining forces generate resistance to change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager by all means has to decrease the resistance to the change so the drive can be increased. The most important element in reducing the resistance is establishing trust by giving explanations, requesting input, acknowledging concerns, making changes in small doses, offering to assist, explaining benefits, and acknowledging success (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager has to explain to the senior nurses and the union representatives and the management, the need for safe staffing by balancing the schedules and assignments to avoid unnecessary vacation time for more than two people at a time during the busiest season, to reduce burnout and overtimes and to improve retention. Staff retention saves lots of money for the management and it improves better patient outcomes. The nurse manager should succeed in the way she/he explain the need for safe staffing, which can decrease falls, medication errors, pressure ulcers, decrease hospital stays, infections and death. Human behavior and interaction is far too complex to be able to gain total support for a change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). There will be some resistance even with the best explanations given by the nurse manager, but in the long run it will be reduced and can get full support from everybody. The plan for evaluation is consistent with the overall change design, with outcomes being measured against the criteria found in the statements of purpose and objectives for change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager should evaluate the changes. The evaluation of safe staffing can be seen with improved patient and staff satisfaction, better patient outcomes, decrease falls, pressure ulcers and infection rates, decrease sick calls, decrease employee turnover, good feedbacks by the patients and the employees. By interpreting the role of evaluation and the outcomes of changes, the nurse manager can improve and make better plans and modifications. References Grohar-Murray, M. E., Langan, J. (2011). Leadership and management in nursing (4th ed., p. 250-256). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Health Science. Miles, M. (2007).An overview of strategies for planned change in human systems. Retrieved from http://www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/classic-theories.pdf Roussel, L (2006) Management and Leadership for Nurse Administrators. Fourth edition. Jones and Barlett, London.

Four West European Explores That Traveled to the New World.

*2. (a) Name four west European countries that explored the New World and name* one explorer who sailed for each country, (b) Of the four *explorers, named*, state the one you would most have liked to accompany. Discuss two reasons for your choices. Four west European explores that traveled to the New World. {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 5/20/1506 Jacques Cartier (12/31/1491 – 9/1/1557) {draw:frame} John Cabot_ (c. 1450 – c. 1498)_ Pedro Alvares Cabral_ (c. 1468 – c. 520)_ The race to find new spice and travel routes spurred a very exciting time in history which eventually lead to the founding and settling of New World. These discoveries lead us to settlement and establishment ofour own country. Although Norse explorer Erik the Red’s son,Leaf Ericson landed on what he called Vinland, now Newfoundland Canada, a little over a thousand years ago, Western European countries really made the push for colonization about five hun dred years later. These countries included Spain, Portugal, England, and France. Spain had many explorers and impacts in New World exploration. With a monarchy that was willing to finance and explore, Spain found riches in gold through South, Central, and North America. Of all Spain’s, and the world’ explorers, none are more famous than Christopher Columbus. Every generation of Americans knows he set sail in 1492, but I’m surprised how many don’t realize he landed in the Caribbean, and by mistake. Looking for a spice route to the Indies, Columbus and his crew named the local inhabits Indians because he thought wrongly of his location, and eventually started disease epidemics and slavery in the area. Giovanni Caboto was a Venetian explorer who sailed for England and thus became better known as John Cabot. On 5 March 1496, King Henry VII of England basically gave Cabot free license to do whatever he wanted under the English flag. On his second voyage in 1497 he ended up in upper north east Canada and is credited with being the first European since Erikson to reach North America. With Portugal’s impact in early navigation, thanks largelyto Prince Henry the Navigator and his navigational school, it’s natural that there would be an explorer who would have an impact on New World exploration. With explorers like Dias, Magellan (who sailed for Spain), and even Columbus who lived, married, and studied in Portugal, yet another name came about. Pedro Alvares Cabral was given the task to spread Christianity were ever he went, by force if necessary. With thirteen ships, he set sail on March 9th(my birthday) 1500. After some mishaps, he finally reached what is today modern day Brazil and making claim to the New World in the name of Portugal which would later lead to a dispute under the Treaty of Tordesilas. Jacques Cartier sailed for the French and claimed what is now Canada for France. Cartier not only sailed all the way to Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Saint Lawrence River, but he was the first European to describe and map it. Of these four explorers I would choose Cabral to accompany. His voyage to Brazil was almost a world tour including Africa, India, and South America. I would prefer to stay in these regions and out of the northern colder regions as Cartier and Cabot explored.

Mexicans on the Usa Essay

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Mexican American migrant workers played an increasingly important role in the growing American economy, an estimated 11. 7 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the U. S. in March 2012, and American people want to solve this problem. In this essay am going to answer this question Should North American Companies hire illegal immigrants? I will answer this by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of hiring illegal immigrants. People in the USA don’t want that illegal aliens work in their country because they use the jobs that Americans can work in, they are angry because they are illegal and just legal people deserve to work in the USA. Illegal aliens (Mexican Workers) are a benefit to the USA companies because they work more time for less pay and they do the hard works that Americans will do for less time and more money. Mexican immigrants are vital to the U. S. economy, contributing about 4 % to GDP. Mexican Workers are not respecting the USA law and The Authorities can?t do anything this create a big problem between the USA communities and the government because they say that the illegal aliens are invading them This is called ? La Reconquista?. Mexican Illegals go only to find work and do it because they are force to do that, they have a family in very bad conditions that it’s believing that his familiar that pass the border could get a work and send them money so they cans survive. Mexicans Pass the border illegally because they don? t have money to buy a Visa even a Mexican passport so they go and work hard to get a better life that they couldn?t get at their country. The USA families are worried of their families because they can? t be relaxed just because some illegal people are in the street breaking the law, they are annoyed of Mexican illegal in every corner of their town, they have to take care of their children because they are dangerous. Mexicans just try to get a job and live better they are trying to became part of the community but the USA people are acting on a racist way, They don? t want to even see Mexicans and know them. There are been attacks to Mexican from the Americans sometimes they were close to kill them. A good example is that on a Mexican restaurant the employees have to use a t-shirt that says how to catch an illegal Mexican. Mexican illegal are increasing USA population and that is not a real problem but when there is more people, they use more services as foo health care, etc. The USA citizens that pay taxes make these services happen, if there are more people to serve the taxes will be more expensive and illegal Mexicans don? t pay these services. Mexicans help the community they buil houses, clean the streets and fix the public places such as gardens and parks.

Understanding Morality in Henrik Ibsens The Dolls...

Morality Introduction Morality is defined as a recognition or belief that explains why some behaviors are bad or good. In simple words, morality refers to values relating to the distinction between wrong and right or good and bad. Few morals are easily accepted and are only questioned by some fringes of society who might disagree with such morals. These individuals on the fringes can be bad or good. The ones who reject socially accepted moral does not necessarily mean that they are good persons. Thus, one can say that each individual has morals that are different from each other (Joseph). Referring to morality from an individual point of view, each person has strong beliefs about what is wrong and what is right. Moreover, morals differ from person to person and may be due to difference in culture. Morality also results from basic human emotions i.e. love, hate, honesty, greed, sins etc (Psychology Today). This paper discusses the notion that truly moral people are not only those who follow rules, laws and norms, these society norms and laws are very flexible and change with time. Such people do whatever they wish to do without the fear of being criticized. The essay is based on The Doll House play by Henrik Ibsen. However, other similar stories that support thesis statement include; The story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Stranger by Albert Camus. Thesis Statement The thesis statement is that, moral people are not the people who follow rules, laws andShow MoreRelatedIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesForshey 1 Running head: IBSEN’S FEMALE CHARACTERS Ibsen’s Female Characters in Captivity: An Exploration of Literature and Performance Christina Kelley Forshey A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Fall 2008 Forshey 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________Read MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The Subjection